DDay Success or Disaster essays

DDay Success or Disaster expositions Twenty years after the finish of the First World War a man named Adolph Hitler of Germany started a Second World War. On September 1, 1939 Germany attacked Poland, which had an arrangement with France and England to ensure them. The English, French and Polish were all ill-equipped to battle, and accordingly were beaten appallingly. By the following spring France had been completely taken by the Germans. While Germany and there partners, Italy, controlled the entirety of the western piece of Europe. Britain, France and now America needed to calculate an approach to assume the responsibility for Europe once more. There choice was to attempt to storm a sea shore in Normandy France. It would be one of the bloodiest war fights in U.S. History. This raging of Omaha Beach would be a triumph in light of the fact that despite the fact that the partners lost a great deal of men, they despite everything had the option to take the sea shore, which drove them to take the mainland. This was the st art of the end for Hitler and his Nazis. Hitler and his accomplices, Japan and Italy, committed numerous errors, which opened the entryway for the associated powers to make this activity conceivable. Germanys serious mix-up was that Hitler had collected a gigantic maritime armada to attempt to attack England. Hitlers believing was that in the event that he tried to conflict with one of the best maritime armadas on the planet that he would not have the option to complete it. He additionally understood that the British would anything to stop a German intrusion. So Hitler postponed and in the end dropped the assault. Regardless of whether he had lost the intrusion into England, he could have at any rate harmed the British naval force. His accomplice, Italy, had gotten northern Africa, and Japan got the US when they not just bombarded the naval force base Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, yet in addition hit different U.S. assets like the Philippians. Presently that the U.S. was in the war, Germany had its hands full. The partners continued arranging when they could go aground and assume responsibility for France once more. In the mid year of 1942 Britain and Canada really t... <!

High School Compared with Collge Essay Example

Secondary School Compared with Collge Essay Decent instruction is a significant piece of life. To accomplish decent training an individual must alumni from secondary school and afterward school. Secondary school gets ready understudies for school, yet every understudy must characterize his or herself to prevail in school. The numerous likenesses and contrasts between secondary school and school can help and obstruct every understudy in their objectives to accomplish decent instruction. A portion of these similitudes and contrasts between secondary school and school are the kind of understudies, the trouble of the classes, and the distinctions in class booking. The distinctions of understudies in secondary school and school start with secondary school being where an individual goes to class with the majority of similar schoolmates that the person has grown up with. Nobody has a genuine character with the exception of the notoriety or picture that an individual has worked for themselves throughout the years. The greater part of the individuals in each evaluation are around a similar age and live in a similar network and are companions inside and outside of class. School is generally another world to understudies. Numerous understudies move to various pieces of the nation to go to school and move away from their companions and network. We will compose a custom paper test on High School Compared with Collge explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on High School Compared with Collge explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on High School Compared with Collge explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer This offers every individual a chance to make another character for his or herself and make new companions. Likewise, understudies in school are different ages including some privilege out of secondary school and some being more seasoned grown-ups proceeding with their instruction further down the road. A typical topic in secondary school and school is bringing a gathering of understudies together to learn. Understudies are on the whole going to classes to accomplish a bit of paper that will help them in their future. Most understudies go to classes in secondary school and school since they need to be there, yet the trouble of the classes decides each student’s achievement. The trouble of secondary school diverged from school can be difficult for understudies. Numerous secondary schools work to go understudies through the different evaluation levels and onto graduation without the understudies striving to finish undertakings and assignments. Despite what might be expected, school is where understudies must work to accomplish their evaluations and pass classes. Teachers anticipate that understudies should finish errands, schoolwork, and tests to accomplish an evaluation and pass the school class. Classes in school are generally harder on understudies since they require more work, considering, and devotion. Numerous understudies goof off and don't pay attention to secondary school classes. Regularly understudies duplicate each other’s work and tests in secondary school, however undergrads must endeavor to ensure that their work is individualized and not appropriated. Some secondary schools do offer school level classes to understudies that are increasingly troublesome and get ready understudies for the trouble of school courses. Every understudy decides how the troublesome the class truly is by setting aside the effort to consider and finish the work in both secondary school and school. Probably the greatest distinction between secondary school and school is the timetable. Both secondary school and school offer calendars for understudies to pursue. Understudies can take courses that intrigue them and will assist them with accomplishing a confirmation or degree. In secondary school understudies become familiar with an exacting day by day plan. School starts and finishes simultaneously every day and classes are held during this time and each class is a similar length. School classes are altogether different. Classes are spread consistently and each class can be an alternate length. Understudies must figure out how to exploit down time in the middle of classes to consider and finish assignments. In actuality, in secondary school, understudies are given time during class and study periods to accomplish work. The change between a severe secondary school plan into a progressively merciful school calendar can be difficult for some understudies. Ordinarily the booking contrast between secondary school and school is the motivation behind why understudies to do exceed expectations their first year of school. Understudies were not instructed how to plan and utilize their time with the too severe secondary school plan. Despite the fact that understudies in secondary school are allowed a chance to pick certain classes to take every semester, planning for the greatest distinction there is between secondary school and school. All in all, secondary school and school are altogether different, yet they do share a couple of likenesses. Secondary school gets ready understudies for school, and school is a developed adaptation of secondary school. The kinds of understudies, trouble in classes, and contrasts in calendars can be extremely indistinguishable and totally different in secondary school and school. Achievement in secondary school and school relies upon the exertion every understudy applies in tolerating the likenesses and contrasts.

Avoiding the College Board Essay Test

Avoiding the College Board Essay TestCollege Board Essay Test had taken a lot of criticism in the past for producing students who are unprepared for college. This is a valid criticism, because it is true that many students who take this test tend to struggle in college. That's not necessarily the fault of the College Board, though, but it could very well be a reflection of how the test was administered.There's one thing about the College Board Essay Test that might seem to make the test a sham: it is based on a system that has been around for decades and it doesn't seem to have evolved much over that time. The system at the College Board was devised in 1979 and it looks very much like a test that was designed to weed out students with lower scores. It only takes a cursory look at the question type used in the test and the correct answers for that type of question to know that the questions are very difficult to answer correctly.In the past decade, there have been dozens of attempts t o reform the College Board Essay Test. Each of these reform efforts has failed because the questions are so difficult to answer correctly. Trying to focus on an essay question and answer it may take all of your attention. If you focus on the question at hand, though, you have a better chance of getting it right.There are other tests that are offered that are based on the same question type, but have a much better chance of giving a more reliable and accurate result. These tests are offered by other colleges and universities and they have a much higher success rate than the College Board Essay Test. They also are much more fun to take and the questions and answers are generally more interesting than the questions that appear on the College Board Essay Test.A second concern with the College Board Essay Test is that it doesn't have much variety in its question types. You get one question every three minutes or so. Someof the harder questions are only given once or twice per question pe riod and when the College Board Essay Test gets too difficult you will get hit with the same questions over again.With all of the problems with the College Board Essay Test, there are some things that you can do to improve your chances of getting good grades on it. The most important thing you can do is to avoid the types of questions that the College Board Essay Test was designed to weed out. Other essays that you can use instead of the essay test include AP test, the SAT exam, GRE exam, NAEP exam, GED exam, college-level writing practice exams, and short stories.If you are someone who enjoys writing and enjoys creating essays, then you should try writing some of these topics yourself and see how you do. You can try to use those topics to figure out which questions the College Board Essay Test was originally meant to weed out. It is possible that you will be able to avoid some of the tougher questions on the essay test if you write the essay yourself.So if you want to take the Coll ege Board Essay Test and you want to have more fun with it, try the write yourself essay type of essay. It might be the answer you've been looking for.

Introduction. Islam And Medieval Christianity Have Had

Introduction Islam and Medieval Christianity have had a combative attitude towards each other. Islam considers Jesus as a continuation of the line of the Prophets, while Christians consider Jesus as the Son of God who came to redeem the world from its fallen nature. These two religions are one two of the largest religions across the world and impact billions of people. Some individuals in both religions view each other as infidels and the only recourse is to remove them from the society at large. The warring nature of these two Abrahamic religions allowed for them to develop in differing ways in Western and Eastern Europe. The growth of Islamic during the 600s to the 1500s made changes to Christianity by making the Pope a powerful†¦show more content†¦Islam did not have a direct hand in feudalism creation, but the constant threat that had been posed by Islamic raiders from the South produced the need for troops. At the Battle of Tours in 733, Charles Martel defeated a large r Islamic raiding force and ultimately throwing them out of France for the rest of the Middle Ages. Over time, feudalism was sold as God’s method of organizing society into the three classes: those that pray, those that fight, and those that work. Feudalism would have continued do to the strength of the Catholic Church, but broke down because of an agricultural revolution, the Black Death, and a rise of merchant capitalism that finally died out in the 1500s. The consistent invasion by foreign powers and the warring stature between the rival European states made the clergy especially the Pope a powerful political leader. The Pope was considered the leader of the Western Catholic Church and in the medieval world, became a political ruler. Initially, Jesus had stated that his kingdom was not of this world, and the church was often at odds with the Roman state. It was not until Emperor Constantine that the church was able to be tolerated under the Edict of Milan. However, Muhamm ed was from the outset a political and religious ruler and that Muhammed was a religious and political ruler. Later rulers became guardians of the Quran and raised the stature of the faith through conquest andShow MoreRelatedCharacteristic Features of the Middle Ages Essay750 Words   |  3 Pages Also called the middle ages, the medieval ages were influential in European history. It dates between the 5th and the 15th centuries of european history. The beginning of the period was marked by the collapse of Rome while its end was marked by the end of Renaissance. The Roman Empire’s fall bringing forth an idea of uniting Europe in what was called Christendom, this was based on the beliefs of the church. Features such as migration of people, invasions, population distribution, and deurbanizationRead MoreEastern Hemisphere And Its Impact On The Development Of All Societies985 Words   |  4 PagesBetween Two Regions The millennium from 1000 to 1500 C.E. changed significantly from the past eras that have been studied before. Sizable regions such as Africa and the Mediterranean Basin dominated the eastern side of our world. From incredible advancements in agricultural technology and extensive trade networks, to the complex social classes and religious values, the eastern hemisphere influenced the development of all societies. Agriculture was such a prominent part in every civilizationRead MoreWestern And Northern Hemispheres On The European Continent Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironment by businesses, particularly plants and factories, that dump waste products into the air and water. Toxic/nuclear waste is radioactive waste material, for example from the use or reprocessing of nuclear fuel. Coastal pollution/erosion the introduction by man, directly or indirectly of substances or energy into the marine environment resulting in deleterious effects of such nature as to endanger human health, harm to living resources and ecosystems. Climate change is a change in global or regionalRead MoreModern World Of The Islamic And Arabic World : A Bit Of A Hero Complex Essay1778 Words   |  8 Pagesglobal policing has given the European world, particularly the Anglosphere, a bit of a hero-complex. There is an all too common way of thinking that, within the past couple of decades or so, European and American p olitical, cultural, and military forces have just begun a cultural infiltration of the previously isolated and primitive Middle East. It is believed by many that western entities are modernizing the Middle East. The veracity, utility, and morality of such actions will not be discussed here. WhatRead MoreEssay about ITW1 Task 1 1121304 Words   |  6 PagesRoman art. Greek influence spread throughout Sicily and Italy by the end of the 4th century. Greek artists were hired by Romans and ultimately the Romans adopted many of their techniques. Art for the Romans took on a completely new dimension than had for any other culture in the past. Art to them was for decoration. No longer was art a medium to express religion or love for one’s country. The Roman Empire split into eastern and western halves during a time between the Classical Era and the MiddleRead MoreReasons for Vladimir Is Conversion to Christianity and How It Changed the Culture of Eastern Slavs1730 Words   |  7 PagesWhat Motivated Vladimir I to convert to Christianity and how did the new religion change the culture of Eastern Slavs? Paganism was a mental mindset of the Eastern Slavs living in a world where a majority of the European countries surrounding them had already converted to a monastic religion. Vladimir I, a great prince of Kiev, reigned from 980 till 1015 and succeeded in the mass conversion of the Eastern Slavs.1 Throughout his reign Vladimir’s agenda had always been to strengthen his empire, inRead MoreWitchcraft1411 Words   |  6 Pagesits existence has existed since the dawn of human history. It has been present or central at various times, and in many diverse forms, among cultures and religions worldwide, including both primitive and highly advanced cultures, and continues to have an important role in many cultures today. Historically, the predominant concept of witchcraft in the Western world derives from Old Testament laws against witchcraft, and entered the mainstream when belief in witchcraft gained Church approvalRead MoreRaza Aslan is Defending his Faith in the Book, No God but God1177 Words   |  5 PagesRaza Aslan is an Shia-Iranian and an American author, and he informed us within his introduction of his book that he will be blamed as an traitor by some and an advocate by others, however that the latter doesnt hassle him since there is no higher calling than to defend ones faith, particularly in times of cognitive content and hate. He claimed that this book is a debate for rectify and wrap up with a cautionary that, like the reformations of the past, this may be a terrific event, one thatRead MoreA Comparison Of Porphyry s Pythagoras Life And Comments On Euclid s Elements1379 Words   |  6 Pagesin the history of mathematics because of his Greek book â€Å"Pythagoras life† and comments on Euclid’s â€Å"Elements†. His â€Å"Introduction to Aristotle Category articles† has been used as a standard textbook logic after his death in a thousand years. In his later years, he married Marcella who is a widow with seven children, she is an enthusiastic of philosophy. Porphyry wrote â€Å"Introduction to Aristotle Category articles†during treatment of depression. It wrote to his student to explain it. The book was veryRead MoreThe Man Who Changed Our World3426 Words   |  14 PagesTHE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR WORLD When Muhammad was visited by the Archangel Gabriel in 610 C.E., this event would set in motion an idea which would grow to have a dominating affect on nearly one-third of the world s future population, affecting how they live, marry, eat, and their proclivity for war. It is very rare that a single individual would put forth an idea so foundational to the very life of the world that grew in its and his wake, and an idea whose impact would be felt in world affairs for

Calculus, Leibniz and Newton Essay - 2292 Words

It is interesting to note that the ongoing controversy concerning the so-called conflict between Wilhelm Gottfried Leibniz and Isaac Newton is one that does not bare much merit. Whether one came up with the concepts of calculus are insignificant since the outcome was that future generations benefited. However, the logic of their clash does bear merit. In proposing that he was the first inventor, Leibniz states that it is most useful that the true origins of memorable inventions be known, especially of those that were conceive not by accident but by an effort of meditation. The use of this is not merely that history may give everyone his due and others be spurred by the expectation of similar praise, but also that the art of discovery†¦show more content†¦At age eighteen, Newton was admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge. Leibniz decided to acknowledge family tradition by studying law and philosophy at the University of Leipzig, where at age seventeen, he was already defendi ng his masters thesis, De Principio Individui. Newtons mathematical acumen came to the fore when he read Rene Descartes Geometry and John Wallis Arithmetica Infinitorium. It was around this time that he was convinced that he would arrive at a conclusion where by analysis could be made on geometric curve via algebra—albeit calculus. Furthermore, Newton would improve on Wallis Infinite Series by devising proofs of the various theorems. He was then conferred as a scholar at Trinity in 1664 but the following year, England was hit with plague and Cambridge was no exceptions; the university closed till 1667. By the time, Newton returned to Cambridge, he had already written material for Opticks, in which he stated that just a prism can split white light into this spectrum of colors, so can a second prism return the separated colors into white light. Consequently, he also laid foundation for one his greatest works, the law of universal gravitation—which would be published i n his Principia by the 1680s. Now speaking of calculus and improving on the work of John Wallis, he arrived at his methods of fluxions and fluents (in his unpublished work DeShow MoreRelatedThe Discovery Of Calculus : Newton And Gottfried Von Leibniz Essay1465 Words   |  6 Pagesof Calculus. In the 1600s, two men, Isaac Newton and Gottfried von Leibniz both began the study of differential and integral Calculus. During the 17th century, plagiarism was an extremely serious offense and second inventors were often put in the position to defend their right to the topic and against suspicion. Newton and Leibniz spent many years with their respective supporters defending their claim to the discovery of Calculus although today historians and mathematicians agree that Newton andRead MoreCalculus As A Part Of Modern Mathematics Education1708 Words   |  7 PagesCalculus (from Latin calculus, literally small pebble used for counting)[1] is the mathematical study of change, in the same way that geometry is the study of shape and algebra is the study of operations and their application to solving equations. It has two major branches, differential calculus (concerning rates of change and slopes of curves),[2] and integral calculus (concerning accumulation of quantities and the areas under and between curves);[3] these two branches are related to each otherRead MoreHistory of Calculus Essay1186 Words   |  5 PagesHistory of Calculus The history of calculus falls into several distinct time periods, most notably the ancient, medieval, and modern periods. The ancient period introduced some of the ideas of integral calculus, but does not seem to have developed these ideas in a rigorous or systematic way. Calculating volumes and areas, the basic function of integral calculus, can be traced back to the Egyptian Moscow papyrus (c. 1800 BC), in which an Egyptian successfully calculated the volume of a pyramidalRead MoreEssay on Leibniz: The Father of Modern Calculus1208 Words   |  5 Pages Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz is an important figure in the history of philosophy and mathematics. Although his work was not fully appreciated during his day, he did much to advance the quot;thinkingquot; on a variety of subjects. His fame was scarred by the infamous controversy with Isaac Newton on the subject of the discoverer of calculus. Leibnizs work encompassed a wide scope, ranging from philosopy to politics to mechanics and mathematics, but his most noteworthy accomplishment was the discoveryRead More The Contributions of Isaac Newton Essays1626 Words   |  7 Pages Isaac Newton was born in Lincolnshire, on December 25, 1642. He was educated at Trinity College in Cambridge, and resided there from 1661 to 1696 during which time he produced the majority of his work in mathematics. During this time New ton developed several theories, such as his fundamental principles of gravitation, his theory on optics otherwise known as the Lectiones Opticae, and his work with the Binomial Theorem. This is only a few theories that that Isaac Newton contributed to the worldRead MoreCalculus As A Branch Of Mathematics1169 Words   |  5 Pagesprecursors to calculus we need to understand exactly what calculus itself is. So what is it? According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary calculus is defined as a branch of mathematics that deals mostly with rate of change and with finding lengths, areas, and volumes; it is div ided into two types: integral and differential. The calculus we have come to know and love has been around for quite some time, dating all the way back to its â€Å"creation† which is credited to Newton and Leibniz. But what if thereRead MoreCalculus : The Basic Segment Of Science And Engineering2200 Words   |  9 PagesCalculus is the branch of mathematics that deals with rates of change and motion. It was developed because of the need to explain various natural occurrences within in the universe, such as the orbits of planets, and the effects of gravity. Today, calculus is the basic segment of science and engineering. Calculus allows physical laws to be expressed in mathematical terms. In science it is valuable in the further analysis of physical laws in predicting the behavior of physical laws, and in discoveringRead MoreThe Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay1120 Words   |  5 PagesIsaac Newton (1642-1727) who co-invented calculus, discovered the Binomial Theorem, an d formulated a theory of universal gravitation (Smith). Newton has been regarded for almost 300 years as the founding exemplar of modern physical science, his achievements in experimental investigation being as innovative as these in mathematical research. Before discussing his three achievements, it is important to note that Newton had some college experience but did his significant work was at home. Newton enteredRead MoreNewtons Negative Neglect1034 Words   |  5 PagesNewtons Negative Neglect Isaac Newton faced many hardships in his lifetime, yet managed to be internationally famous for his genius mathematical and physical discoveries, and remarkable inventions. Newton was extraordinary in the sense that he was able to endure complications in life and still be an enormous success. The majority of individuals would have cracked under the predicaments Newton faced. Newton overcame neglect by suppressing his emotions, defeating limitations of his time, and becomingRead More Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Essay2087 Words   |  9 PagesAlthough Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz had no formal training as a mathematician, his contributions to the field of mathematics are still evident today. His results and work laid the groundwork for more thorough and rigorous treatments of calculus that would come later from various mathematicians. One of his most enduring legacies is the notations he used for calculus, which are still used around the world. Outside of mathematics Gottfried Leibniz m ade contributions to the fields of philosophy, law,

Social Services During Sub Saharan Africa - 951 Words

Social Services Provided in Sub-Saharan Africa have had a Positive Impact on People Infected and Affected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Summary Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a disease that has evolved over time into an epidemic. Sub-Saharan Africa is the region of the world with the highest population of infected individuals and some of the lowest access to resources needed provide preventative education, treatment, and support for the disease. This study examines five studies conducted within the past ten years, in order to gain an understanding of the impact social services have on people living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa. The broad overview of social services, positive impacts, negative impacts, economic impacts, and sustainability of social service aid related to HIV is examined. The purpose of this analysis is to determine if HIV related services are positively impacting the lives of those it is intended to help. While there are negative aspect of social services, the finding of this analysis show that there is a more significant positive effect of social services. Research should be continued in this area of study in order to reduce negative impact of social service and improve the quality, effectiveness, and efficiency of aid so that one day HIV will not longer be a public health threat in the world. Introduction In the past four decades, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been discovered, developed into an international epidemic, andShow MoreRelatedHuman Immune Deficiency Virus ( Hiv )1608 Words   |  7 Pageshad had a profound impact on the lives of infected individuals and their families1. The region of sub-Saharan Africa, which constitutes 11% of the world’s population, is reported to be disproportionately affected by HIV and the disease known as acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)2. HIV is a sexually transmitted infection that can spread by contact with infected blood, or from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breast-feeding. Sometimes, individuals with HIV infection will developRead MoreSpread Of Hiv / Aids1574 Words   |  7 PagesThe Spread of HIV/AIDs in Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa has been singled out as having the most serious HIV epidemic in the world. There is need to curb the spread of HIV in the continent by leveraging the knowledge and skills necessary to understand the factors responsible for the spread of the disease. This paper attempts to investigate the risk factors involved in the spread of HIV and how to reduce HIV prevalence regardless of these risks factors. The paper then goes a step further andRead MoreGlobalization: A Form of Colonialism1243 Words   |  5 PagesMengisteabs article, IMF – World Bank Adjustment and Structural Transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa, discussed the indirect rule of colonial powers through globalization. Globalization was derived from colonialism to control over previously colonized nations, and the way it did so was through the creation of the World Bank in 1945. Globalization is defined in Stegers book as, the expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-time and world-space (Steger 15). GlobalizationRead More The Devlopment of Modern Africa Essay1598 Words   |  7 Pages The Development of Modern Africa nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are over 40 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and the wealth of natural resources and the prevalence of wealth in the northern segments of Africa have led many to speculate about the equity and economic development in the sub-Sahara. Unfortunately, the progression of economic, political and social factors in this region have done little to improve the overall conditions, and have instead demonstrated a consistent bias towardsRead MoreElectoral Pressures In Africa Case Study1531 Words   |  7 Pagesnot? In you answer, be sure to contrast the pre- and post-1990 periods, and use the experience of two African countries to support your answer Electoral pressures and economic policies in Africa: Past records and prospects Introduction: The 1990s represent a period of electoral pressures for most Sub-Saharan African countries as governments faced external influences for political liberalization but also waves of domestic mobilization and protests to demand a better economy, accountable and transparentRead MoreThe Current Youth Is The Future1431 Words   |  6 Pagesend the extremism violence that is taking over the youth in Sub-Saharan Africa. SSG Advisors is a development company with innovative approaches to development challenges, which strive to combine the private sectors and the community to act as partners instead of beneficiaries. With the current global development challenges, there is a demand for innovative and interconnected solutions that also address economic, environmental, and social factors to progress with sustainable results for both clientsRead MoreWhat Social Factors Have Driven the Spread of Hiv/Aids in Sub-Saharan Africa?3708 Words   |  15 PagesWhat social factors have driven the spread of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa? The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the immune system caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV is transmitted via unprotected sexual intercourse, contaminated blood transfusion, contaminated hypodermic needles, and from an infected mother to child during pregnancy, delivery or breastfeeding. There is currently no cure for HIV/AIDS. AIDS is a debilitating condition that has great socialRead MoreThe Catholic Churchs View on Contraception Essay1229 Words   |  5 PagesChurch’s view on contraception is simple. They believe that any act of sex must be both unitive and procreative Birth control, by any means or techniques will halt the procreative process and over time diminish the unity created by sex (Catechism). During the 1960s there was a major boom in contraceptives; The Pill had just been created. It is at this point that contraceptives became a major issue within the Catholic Church. In 1968 Pope Paul VI wrote an encyclical titled the â€Å"Humanae Vitae† whichRead MoreForeign Aid From The United States918 Words   |  4 Pages(Brazil, Russia, India and China) bloc partnership, Brazil now distributes close to 4 billion dollars in annual global aid to less developed nations around the world, especially in sub Saharan Africa. (4) As a recipient of foreign aid, Brazil in 2012 received $2.4 million (US) in international humanitarian aid. Also, during the period of 2003 to 2012, Brazil received $ 4.5 billion (US) in official development assistance (ODA). (1) As a donor nation, Brazil contributed $1.3million (US) in humanitarianRead MoreThe Impact of Music During Apartheid1530 Words   |  7 PagesAmandla! Film Essay Abigail Koss September 16, 2015 The Impact of Music During Apartheid Amandla! A Revolution in Four-Part Harmony is a 2002 documentary film directed by Lee Hirsch that describes the struggle the black South Africans faced during apartheid. Activists and musicians discuss the days of apartheid. The film has a collection of musical performances, interviews, and historical footage. Amandla is a Zulu and Xhosa word that means power. It was a common rally word used in resistance

Essay on Social Inequality of Health Example For Students

Essay on Social Inequality of Health The United States reportedly spends over $8,000 per person on healthcare annually. This amount is two-and-a-half times greater than any other developed country in the world (Kane, 2012). However, this is not reflected statistically in the morbidity and mortality rates of its citizens. Many may ask why and what are we missing. To answer these questions, one may need to look no further than their own town and community. In 2013, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) reported health disparities as a causative factor for the unchanging morbidity and mortality rates in the United States. The World Health Organization defines social determinants of health as â€Å"conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age†, and also identify them as the main cause for health inequalities worldwide (WHO, 2013). Health disparities affect people of all ages. The risk of dying before the age of 65 is over three times greater for citizens at the socioeconomic bottom of society than those at the top (Alder Stewart, 2007). The youngest citizens are not immune to these facts. Infants born to mothers with less than 12 years of education are twice as likely to die during their first year of life compared to those born to mothers with 16 or more years of education (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2008). Healthcare is a continually evolving and changing with aims of improving patient care, cost containment, and research that advances medications and procedures beyond expectations. The majority of focus is on disease processes and treatments. Therefore, the effects of lower economic status on personal health may not be receiving the attention it deserves. The nursing profession is in a unique position to assist in providing the advocacy, education, caring, and community involvement required to both look for causative factors and to identify possible solutions of social inequality of health (Lathrop, 2013). Nurses such as Florence Nightingale and Loretta Ford long ago worked tirelessly to lay the groundwork for correlating health and socioeconomic status (Lathrop, 2013). Outline1 Health Reform Goal and Cost Reduction2 Limitations and Barriers3 Role of the Advance Practice Registered Nurse4 Conclusion Health Reform Goal and Cost Reduction The idea of improving social determinants by expanding the role of nurses coincides with one major goal of health care reform, which is preventative care. Addressing social determinants through education provided to the community outside of an acute care setting along with the expansion of preventive care in the health reform policy both have the common goal of increasing the wellbeing of the community. Also, to increase access to healthcare and preventative care, â€Å"The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will bring substantial changes to the U.S Health care system over the next several years including a new emphasis on prevention and expanding coverage to 32 million currently uninsured Americans.† (Lathrop, 2013) The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) will also allow for a federal investment in a variety of preventative services and public health. Specifically, â€Å"A grant program will support community-based prevention services focused on reducing rates of chronic diseases and addressing health disparities† (Baker Institute Policy Report, 2012, p.3). While focusing on social determinants to health status through increased educational programs and community-based programs can decrease the cost of Medicare and Medicaid within the acute care setting, it can also increase the cost of Medicare and Medicaid in the community based setting (Baker Institute Policy Report, 2012, p.3). The ACA increases Medicare and Medicaid with an expansion of preventative services in hope of improving overall health. Improvement of overall health will in turn decrease the need for acute care facilities and therefore decrease the need to utilize Medicare and Medicaid coverage within an acute ca re setting. The expansion of preventative care will increase access to community-based programs and also increase job opportunities for health care workers. Crime and Social Inequality EssayTo alleviate health disparity, APRNs must go beyond traditional patient care and health promotion roles. Expanding scope of practice is essential to discover both where the inequities arise and how also to diminish these disparities (Williams et al., 2014). APRNs must become involved in community outreach and education to discover where services fall short for. This will also allow the APRN to know where to begin to advocate for changes in policies that create inequality among social ranks. According to the Dakota Nurse Connection (2012), collaboration with homeless shelters, social workers, and government benefits experts can also broaden the knowledge base of health care workers and aid in directing care. We must also become experts in local resources to direct our patients to available services. To ensure positive change, APRNs must familiarize themselves with the legal process and lobby for laws that will ease the burdens of lower income familie s in hopes of diminishing life stressors that cause an increase in health problems. We must also advocate for equality in public school quality for all children, and champion legislation that enables lower income students to achieve higher education (Lathrop, 2013). To provide quality care to all patients we must recognize that social status has a direct correlation with health. As APRNs, we will need to evolve and expand our scope beyond direct patient interaction to better advocate for our low income patients to ensure equity in care (Lathrop, 2013). References Adler, N., Stewart, J. (2007). Reaching for a healthier life: Facts on socioeconomic status and health in the U.S. The John D and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Socioeconomic Status and Health. Retrieved from http://www.macses.ucsf.edu/downloads/Reaching_for_a_Healthier_Life.pdf Baker Institute Policy Report. (2012). James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy of Rice University, 51,1-13. Bureau of Labor Statistics. U.S. Department of Labor. Occupational Outlook Handbook. (2014). Nurse anesthetists, nurse midwives, and nurse practitioners. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/nurse-anesthetists-nurse-midwives-and-nurse-practitioners.htm on January 15, 2014. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. (November 22, 2013). CDC health disparities and inequalities report – United States, 2013. 62(3) p 3. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/other/su6203.pdf on January 19, 2014. Domrose, C. (2014). Gannett Healthcare Group. Nurse.com. Healthcare reform will make life busier for some NPs. Retrieved from http://news.nurse.com/article/20140113/NATIONAL05/140110003#.Utyo43l6jox on January 15, 2014. Kane, J. (2013). MacNeil Lehrer Productions. PBS Newshour. Health costs: How the U.S. compares with other countries. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2012/10/health-costs-how-the-us-compares-with-other-countries.html on January 19, 2014. Implementing the IOM Future of Nursing Report-Part II: The Potential of Interprofessional Collaborative Care to Improve Safety and Quality. (2012). Dakota Nurse Connection, 10(1) 1-8. Lathrop, B. (2013). Nursing Leadership in Addressing the Social Determinants of Health. Policy, politics nursing practice, 14(1), 41-47. doi:10.1177/1527154413489887 Mahoney, D., Jones, E. (2013). Social Determinants of Health in Nursing, Research, and Health Policy. Nursing Science Quarterly, 26:280. Mogford, E., Gould, L., DeVoght, A. (2011). Teaching critical health literacy in the US as a means to action on the social determinants of health. Health Promotion International, 26(1), 4-13. doi:10.1093/heapro/daq049 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. (RWJF, 2008). Overcoming obstacles to health: Report from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation to the commission to build a healthier America. Retrieved from http://www.commissiononhealth.org/PDF/ObstaclesToHealth-Report.pdf Williams, S. D., Hansen, K., Smithey, M., Burnley, J., Koplitz, M., Koyama, K., Bakos, A. (2014). Using Social Determinants of Health to Link Health Workforce Diversity, Care Quality and Access, and Health Disparities to Achieve Health Equity in Nursing. Public Health Reports, 12932-36. World Health Organization. Social Determinants of Health. (May 7, 2013). What are social determinants of health?. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/social_determinants/sdh_definition/en/index.html on January 16, 2014.

Baring Bank Case free essay sample

The Fall of sanngs sank The story of Barings Bank shows how overconfidence, coupled with poor internal control, can even bring down an historic financial institution. Below we provide a few teaching points. Nick Leeson seemed to have all the characteristics of an overconfident trader. As described in the chapter, excessive trading, lack of diversification, and too much risk were obviously present. Self-attribution bias seemed to play a major role. One commentator notes that Leeson got overconfident after initial trades were successful and] when he started to lose money, got way too aggressive trying to make it up. When Leeson was asked about his actions, he explained that l was determined to win back the losses [ ] I was well down, but increasingly sure that my doubling up and doubling up would pay off , thereby overestimating his abilities by thinking he could outperform the market even after severe losses. A case study into the affair concluded that it was overconfidence that led N ick Leeson to bet his reputation. We will write a custom essay sample on Baring Bank Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But, as Saul Hansell of The New York Times stated, It isnt Just rogue traders loose annons stretching internal rules on trading desks who have destroyed their investors wealth. Money managers who play by the rules can get caught up short, too, when they fall to overconfidence about their mastery of the markets. He further wrote that, It is no secret that traders, as a class, are a young, independent and cocky bunch. The sheer size of the money they are Juggling can lead toa master-of-the- universe attitude. The Fall of Barings sank Barings Bank was founded in 1762 as the John and Francis Baring Company by Sir Francis Baring. This bank was the oldest merchant bank in London, financed the Napoleonic Wars, and was the Queen of Englands own bank. In 1996, one man, Nick Leeson, managed to bring down Barings Bank, one of the oldest and most conservative financial institutions in the world, through his illicit trading activity. In 1989, Leeson Joined Barings Bank. After being transferred to Jakarta, Indonesia to sort through a back-office mess involving EIOO million of share certificates, Leeson solidified his reputation within Barings when he successfully rectified the situation in 0 months. Lesson also knew how to account for derivatives, even if he did not fully understand the complexities of their pricing. Therefore, in 1992, when Barings opened a new office in Singapore to trade on the expanding Singapore Mercantile Exchange (SIMEX), Leeson became an obvious candidate to manage it. Senior management at Barings Bank assumed that Leeson would turn the Singapore office into a highly profitable endeavor and therefore gave him extensive responsibility. As eliminated the necessary checks and balances usually found within trading rganizations. Soon he was Barings Banks star Singapore trader, bringing in substantial profits from trading on the Singapore exchange. By 1993, Leeson had made more than Elo million, about 10% of Baringss total profit for that year. In 1994, he delivered over half of the E52. 9 million in revenue for his division on his own, making many proclaim him as the miracle worker. In his autobiography Rogue Trader, Leeson said the culture at Barings was simple: We were all driven to make profits, profits, and more profits I was the rising star. Aided by his lack of upervision, the 28-year-old Nick Lesson promptly started unauthorized speculation in futures on the Nikkei 225 stock index and Japanese government bonds. SIMEX regulators were aware of Leesons cross-trading activities, and his breach of their exchange regulations, but did not act decisively to stop him. Leesons large trading volumes were quickly becoming important for the exchange, and being a lightly regulated market was central to SIMEXs stra tegy to woo trade from neighboring Osaka. Using futures contracts, Leeson speculated that the Nikkei would rise.

Gender inequality summary Essays

Gender inequality summary Essays Gender inequality summary Essay Gender inequality summary Essay Also, since women can become pregnant at any time, employers do not want to deal with paid time off for paternal leave. Our group decided on two ideas that we feel would decrease the wage gap in the workplace immensely. The first idea is daddy leave and the second is a college campaign and petition. In Norway, they have a law in which new fathers receive ten weeks of paid time off that cannot be given to the mother. This changes the dynamic of their society to lessen the severe gender role differences like we have in the states. It allows men to be okay with taking ore of a role in raising their children and staying home with them. This idea transfers over into the hiring process in the workplace because women will not be discriminated against for the chance of pregnancy because men also receive the paternity leave. Also, the overall attitude that women should stay at home to take care of children changes as well. In the twenty years that Norway has implemented this law, the wage gap has decreased by almost half of what it was. The second idea our group came up with was to make college students and he younger generation aware of how severe this wage gap issue really is. We would start with our own campus at Grand Canyon University by posting up flyers with important facts around campus. We would then hold a meeting in Pets Coffee to go over the severity of the issue and how it affects our generation. A petition would be handed around to propose to the government that daddy leave should be implemented in our society. To market our proposal and make others aware, a free shirt would be handed out that reads equal pay for bee which would catch the attention of other allege students because of the lingo. : We would do this all in hopes that the petition would be passed around and receive enough votes to be considered by the government. Although it will take a long time for the wage gap to become equal, we believe that it is not impossible. If more people take a stand against the issue and put our ideas to work, over time that gap will decrease drastically. Since women are equal to men, there is no reason they shouldnt be able to hold the same jobs and receive the same pay.

When does the use of professional discretion cross ethical boundaries Research Paper

When does the use of professional discretion cross ethical boundaries - Research Paper Example In the process of carrying on with responsibilities at the workplace, an employee would often find it necessary to rein in his personal activities and conduct, this behavior continuous on even if what is being done is not related to the job (Thomas 56). In the business world, consumers always make judgments about a company depending on the actions of its employees. This happens even if the particular activities are done with a positive intention. Professional discretion can be described as the choices an individual makes in his professional duties to be cautious about the things he says or takes part in. People that are fond of making discussions over issues relating to their personal are described as being indiscreet or lacking discretion. Ethics, which are also called moral philosophy, describes a category of philosophy that deals with learning of issues related to right or wrong, as well as the manner in which we are expected to live by such an understanding (Thomas 24). The concept of ethics concerns our ability as human beings to make proper moral judgments concerning practices that are right or wrong in accordance with the societal and moral expectations (Reynolds 23). Right and wrong refers to the qualities or judgments that are placed on people’s actions and their manner of conduct during their daily lives. Ethics play an important role in helping people establish proper moral choices especially when it comes to situations where moral issues are involved. It is important to realize that in our everyday lives, it is a desirable habit to have moral rules. This is not because they are useful in expressing absolute truth, but it is because they offer essential guides as far as normal circumstances of life are concerned. Different views have been raised concerning the need for ethics in our general life and professional activities. One of the views holds that human beings, in their professional and

Unemployment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Unemployment - Research Paper Example In a country where the economy is continuously growing, the standards of living keep on improving, infrastructural development is experienced and the level of crime is low.In this report, the researcher will attempt to analyze and explain the reasons and effects of unemployment and inflation, advantages and disadvantages of the current fiscal and monetary policy, effectiveness of various economic reforms and effects of the balance of payments on exchange rates with respect to the Nigerian economy. Rural urban migration- This happens when people in the rural areas move to urban areas in search of employment.Henryexplains the rural-urban migration in terms of push - pull factors (34). The push factors include the pressure resulting from a rising man-land ratio in the rural areas and the existence of underemployment from seasonal cycle of the lack of infrastructure activities that make the rural life unattractive. He links rural-urban migration to the unattractiveness of rural life because of lack of basic amenities. When youths move to the urban areas in search of lucrative employment, there is concentration of social amenities that leads to neglecting of rural areas in the allocation of social and economic opportunities. Rapid population growth- The 2006 census in Nigeria put the populationat 140,431,791 people making it the most populous country in Africa. According to the CIA Worldfact book, the population growth rate of Nigeria was 2.54% in 2013. If the current growth rate continues, the population could reach 170million by year 2020. Rapid population growth leads to rapid growth of labor, increase in supply of jobs which the economy is not able to absorb.Bernice supports that excessive supply of laboris associated with the rate of growth of the population in that size and growth rate of labor force depends on the size and

Classification of the Tea Party Movement Essay Example for Free

Classification of the Tea Party Movement Essay The Tea Party movement appears to be a rather unique entity. There is much confusion as to the exact classification of the Tea Party movement. Are they a political party, an interest group, or a social movement? Even after countless internet searches a definitive answer was seemingly nowhere to be found. There are three possible classifications of the Tea Party movement that will be explored. As well as information on which of the three systems would be the more effective route for the movement to take and why that route would be the most effective. This should paint a clearer picture of the Tea Party movement and their actual classification. The first look will be at whether or not the Tea Party is a political party, an interest group, or a social movement. And then at what would have been the more effective approach and why that approach would have been more effective. The hope is that by the end of this, the reader will have a better idea of the Tea Party movement’s position as a social movement and why a becoming a separate political party would have been their most effective approach. Is the Tea Party movement a political party, an interest group, or a social movement? Power and Choice: An Introduction to Political Science defines a political party as â€Å"a group of officials or would be officials who are linked with a sizable group of citizens into an organization. A chief objective of this organization is to ensure that its officials attain power and are maintained in power† (Shively, 2012, p. 251). The Tea Party movement clearly has a group of officials that they wanted to place into power. However, with no centralized leadership and little to no attempt to separate from the Republican Party one would be hard-pressed to argue them as a political party. Also, Ron Paul, who is often referred to as the godfather of the Tea Party movement, is currently running for the republican nomination. The republican candidates are frequently campaigning for the votes of the Tea Party voters. Along with, seemingly every news outlet constantly mentioning how the republ icans are fighting for the Tea Party vote the line between the two parties continue to blur. A Washington Post article states, â€Å"at a 2012 presidential forum in New Orleans in June, (Michelle) Bachmann estimated that the tea party consists of 60 percent republicans, 20 percent independents and 20 percent democrats† (Blake, Aaron â€Å"Tea party democrats do exist.† Washington Post. July 6, 2011. Web. March 7, 2012). This tells me that the Tea Party movement is a branch of the Republican Party that has differing views on some major issues, but still identifies themselves as republicans. Therefore, no, by this evidence the Tea Party movement is not a political party. The Tea Party movement, however, also is not an interest group. According to Power and Choice: An Introduction to Political Science an interest group is an â€Å"organized group of citizens that has one of its goals ensuring that the state follows certain policies† (Shively, 2012, p. 251). Historically groups such as Greenpeace, the National Rifle Association and the Air Force Sergeants As sociation have been classified as interest or â€Å"pressure† groups. These groups use their organization as a means to represent public opinion to government officials. Looking at the definition of interest group one could possibly deduce that the Tea Party movement must be an interest group. Do they want to ensure that the state follows certain policies? Yes. They demand lower taxes, call for the elimination of deficit spending, and insist the government abides by the Constitution and the institution of fiscally conservative policies to eliminate the national debt. Just like with the democratic and republican political parties, the Tea Party movement shares some similarities with interest groups. One could easily consider the Tea Party movement an interest group. Especially if they have read the Encyclopedia definition of interest group, â€Å"also called special interest group or pressure group, any association of individuals or organizations, usually formally organized, that, on the basis of one or more shared concerns, attempts to influence publi c policy in its favor. All interest groups share a desire to affect government policy to benefit themselves or their causes. Their goal could be a policy that exclusively benefits group members or one segment of society (e.g., government subsidies for farmers) or a policy that advances a broader public purpose (e.g., improving air quality). They attempt to achieve their goals by lobbying† (interest group (2012) In Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/290136/interest-group). After reading that definition it seems that the Tea Party movement is an interest group, they do fit the definition extremely well. However, there is one other option. The last possible classification to be explored is the social movement. Does the Tea Party movement fit the mold of a social movement? A social movement is defined as â€Å"loosely organized but sustained campaigns in support of a social goal, typically either the implementation or the prevention of a change in society’s structure or values. Although social movements differ in size, they are all essentially collect ive. That is, they result from the more or less spontaneous coming together of people whose relationships are not defined by rules and procedures but who merely share a common outlook on society† social movement (social movement (2012) In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/551335/social-movement). The Tea Party movement came to be in 2009 and 2010 with distrust in elected officials and wanting to remove them from power. They believe that the government has ignored the constitutional order of America (Shively, 2012, p. 309). To a person who is sparsely active in politics, the Tea Party movement may seem to be spontaneous and out of nowhere. But it could be easily argued that the political activist involved carried their feelings for many years prior to organizing the movement. But to an outsider they may have appeared to burst onto the scene. The Tea Party movement seems to be searching for a change in what they believe to be unconstitut ional actions of the United States government, as well as trying to prevent the invasion of constitutional rights. Earlier, it was stated how one could see classifying the Tea Party movement as an interest group. However, after further research they seem to fit the mold of a social movement slightly more. Since the Tea Party movement is a social movement and not an interest group or political party, it needs to be determined which one would have been the best course of action for the movement to take. The best move the Tea Party movement could make would be to become a separate political party. As a political party they would be able to run on a platform consisting completely of their own views. Why attempt to ride the coattails of the Republican Party? If the views differ enough to rally and callout the current elected officials, regardless of party, then new ones. The new party won’t have to worry about being held back by the differing views of the party of which they chose to attach themselves. If the numbers quoted earlier from Michelle Bachmann are correct (60 percent republicans, 20 percent independents and 20 percent democrats) they should have a rather good chance at winning some elections. Mike Gallagher, a Fox News Contributor, stated in a 2009 interview with Bill O’Reilly that, he’d â€Å"happily trade is republican card for a tea party card, if there was such a thing.† Now, obviously this doesn’t state how many hardline Tea Party voters there are, but it says that they appeal to some members of both major parties as well as the independents. Maybe running separately would give them a better chance of pulling more voters from the other parties and uniting their followers even more. After first comparing the Tea Party movement to interest groups, and then social movements and finally political parties, the evidence showed that they are more of a social movement than the other two. The Encyclopedia definition cited earlier was what led to this conclusion. Although it is strictly an opinion, the Tea Party movement would be better served as a political party. This is mainly because they could focus their time and efforts on a campaign consisting of their views. Would they get my vote? No. But at least they would be able to round up all of their supporters into one basket. Works Cited Encyclopedia Britannica. (2012). Retrieved March 19, 2102, from encyclopediabritannica.com: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/551335/social-movement Encyclopedia Britannica. (2012). Retrieved March 19, 2012, from encyclopediabritannica.com: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/290136/interest-group Shively, W. P. (2012). Power Choice: An Introduction to Political Science. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill.

Cut by sylvia Plath Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"Cut† Sylvia Plath Persona In terms of content the persona in â€Å"Cut† is Sylvia Plath herself. Plath was one of the first American women writers to refuse to conceal her true emotions. In articulating her aggression, hostility and despair in her art, she effectively challenged the traditional literary prioritization of female experience. Plath has experienced much melancholy and depression in her life. Scenario The scenario of the poem starts off in a seemingly domestic scene, perhaps preparing for dinner and develops into this amazing association and blurring of the physical and emotional senses, where a great joy has been found in an ‘accident’. Plath dedicates â€Å"Cut† to her new au pair (nanny), Susan O’Neill Roe as a â€Å"welcome to the family† gesture. It is most likely the au pairs thumb, which has been cut however Plath refers to it as her own thumb as a sign of empathy/psychosis. In the poem, Plath describes the feelings and sensations of deliberate self mutilation and the emotional release it brings. The cutting of the thumb can be viewed in a Freudian manner in which the incident occurred accidentally â€Å"on purpose† a parapraxis, having the effect of building up tension. Context The context in which the poem is taking place is in England, isolated away from all her family and friends, during the 1950's where Plath was the victim of a male-orientated sexist society and her poetry a choreography of female wounds. Values portrayed through â€Å"Cut† are Plath’s life of hardships from separation, divorce and as a single mother and poet. Through the remarkable consistent images that all â€Å"flow† from her very ordinary â€Å"accident† it is evident that this poem showcases a history of bloodshed through war, death, injury and maiming in the Western world and Plath’s family history Story The story of â€Å"Cut† is a rapid succession/conglomeration off sensations and images of violence and bloodshed throught history and its emotional relief. Plath chooses to use an ongoing metaphor of a battle between two armies. She is possibly one soldier who has lost much, while fighting the depression battle. This poem demonstrates Plath’s disconnection from humanity as for example she disassociates the thumb as being part of the body. The fact that she relates her cut to onions, with cooking as a household duty displaying her discontentment with her role as a housewife and mot... ...rill-â€Å" creates a colloquial level of language, where in this case an exclamation mark could have been used. Sounds A variety of language devices are employed to create tone for the poem. Sounds such as assonance is used in the line â€Å"a flap like a hat† with an emphasis on ‘t’ and taken off on ‘a’ coupled with dental ‘t’ and plosive ‘p’ evoking and mirroring the on/off nature of a hat, in reference to the skin that has been cut on her thumb. Internal assonance and consonance appear and disappear with unpredictability. This demonstrates signs of Plath’s mental illness. Also there is assonance in â€Å"little pilgrim, the Indian’s axed your scalp† where the chopping sounds evoke the movement. In conclusion, there is more than one implication of the word alone â€Å"cut† [hurt,injured,rejected,excluded]these are to mean: physically injured, rejected or wounded by people, excluded by living on own and bleeding in all senses and self mutilation. In the poem â€Å"Cut† by Sylvia Plath there is more to the poem than moods and feelings through the use of context and technique. For instance images,sounds,tones,rhythm,rhyme and form which all add up to an effective poem with textual integrity.

Corporate Social Responsibility in South Africa and Ghana: a Comparison of Successes, Failures and Futures in a “Developed” and an “Undeveloped” African Country

Corporate Social Responsibility in South Africa and Ghana: a comparison of successes, failures and futures in a â€Å"developed† and an â€Å"undeveloped† African country Few industries affect the social, economic and environmental sectors to the extent that the mining industry does. As minerals development expanded, so the international awareness of its impacts grew. Mining-related legislation, both internationally and nationally, has evolved significantly in the past two decades, actively aimed at ensuring Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), where companies are held accountable for their actions. In developing countries like South Africa and Ghana that are heavily dependent on gold trade and the associated international investment, the challenge is to ensure that environmental and social impacts of mining are mitigated, that non-renewable resources are converted into national wealth and that mining-generated revenue is claimed and disbursed. In this paper the evolution of CSR in South Africa, a more developed African Nation, and Ghana, a less developed African nation, are compared. Recommendations are made as to potential avenues for CSR progression. The objectives of international mining policy reform have changed dramatically in the past few decades. During the 1970s the aim of mining policy was to increase government control. During the 1980s the aims of reform became to increase investment and to mitigate the socio-economic impacts of mining. This was attempted through the Growth Employment and Reconstruction plan in SA (Fig, 2005), and the Economic Recovery Plan in Ghana (Hilson, 2002). Both plans advocated more privatization, trade liberalization and deregulation. Although the general international trend was to redefine the role of the state, particularly in industrial areas, the adoption of this ambition by African countries has proven detrimental. Biersteker (1990) argues that the reduction of the state greatly reduced its function to govern, particularly undercutting its regulatory ability, its function as a mediator in civil disputes and its ability to regulate and collaborate with the private sector. Campbell (2005) poses that this is because the legislative and regulatory reform adopted by many developing mining-dependent African countries during the past few decades has undermined the role of the state and has proved incompatible with the challenges of the countries concerned. This has impaired the ability of these governments to exert CSR pressure on mining companies. CSR in Africa has grown parallel to these changes in the role of the state, and international mining legislation has had varying impacts on SA and Ghanaian regulations. Despite being based on a non-renewable resource, the main theme in changing international legislation is that of sustainable development, particularly in developing countries in which a large percentage of mining is done by foreign companies. It is, however, the sovereign right of a state to exploit its natural resources. This sovereignty was vehemently upheld by post-colonial developing nations that rely on mineral resources, two prominent examples of which being SA and Ghana. It has become apparent, however, that mining has far-reaching impacts that often have transboundary degrading effects, resulting in international attempts at regulation. CSR in South Africa The formal terms of CSR in SA were originally raised in 1972 and the view taken by many businesses was that they should not have to take responsibility for Apartheid, but should rather improve social standards within their respective businesses. These concepts were formalized in the Sullivan Principles, which were aimed at entrenching non-discrimination in the workplace into the core business activities, particularly in SA-based US companies (Visser, 2005). Although other CSR groups formed, like the Consultative Business Movement, the move away from philanthropy only really became evident after the first democratic elections in 1994, and when the Black Economic Empowerment Programme (BEE) was introduced. The aim of BEE is to promote equal racial ownership, education, training and local economic development. In 2002 the goal for black ownership in the mining sector was set at 26% within 10 years (Fig, 2005). BEE was particularly important in the mining sector, as in order to obtain mining rights, businesses had to meet the requirements of a BEE ‘scorecard’. A number of principles have been introduced to target human rights, a major CSR concern in SA. These include Voluntary Principles on Human Rights and Security and the OECD Risk Awareness Tool for Multinational Enterprises in Weak Governance Zones (Hamann, 2009). Another important milestone was the Kings Report, released in 2002, which outlined the CSR requirements for companies, including â€Å"recogniz[ing] that stakeholders such as the community in which the company operates, its customers, its employees and its suppliers amongst others need to be considered when developing the strategy of a company† (Visser, 2005). It also requires that businesses report annually on their social, transformation (including BEE), ethical, safety, health and environmental management policies. A positive and innovative spinoff of the King’s Report was the introduction of a Kings Index on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Companies are required to meet the criteria of the King’s Report in order to list with the JSE, providing a fiscally competitive incentive to adopt CSR principles (Dale, 2005). This progressive legislation forms the beginnings of a seemingly sound CSR framework. But the SA government struggles to maintain the pressure needed to enforce all of its requirements. As in Ghana, SA’s dependence on the mining industry makes the government loathe to confront deviant companies for fear of disinvestment and job losses. Firms often run philanthropic programmes merely as an attempt to maintain â€Å"business as usual†, satisfying the bare minimum for CSR. The lack of government capacity is most prominent in environmental requirements. Many mining companies have introduced more stringent environmental management regulations and have increased CSR spending, but Fig (2005) shows that due to lack of governmental pressure and effective sustainable reporting, many of the claims of these companies do not match their actions. In recognition of its weaknesses, however, the SA government has adopted provision for voluntary conflict resolution within its environmental legislation (Fig, 2005). As an example of a developing country embracing CSR, SA has proven itself relatively forward-thinking and successful. SA is at the forefront of CSR legislation in Africa. It is in the inability to enforce these laws that the clearest CSR similarities, and failures, with Ghana, a less developed African nation, can be seen. CSR in Ghana For the past 1000 years Ghana has enjoyed a thriving gold trade. However, due to political turmoil and changing mining and economic policy, by the beginning of the 1980s the gold-mining industry was virtually stagnant, and became the focal point in the country’s Economic Recovery Programme in 1983 (Campbell, 2005). Ghana also received assistance from the World Bank, the conditions of which resulted in the elimination of most barriers to entry for foreign investors, including reducing corporate taxes, royalty payments, foreign exchange taxes and import duties. The company retention amounts negotiated by foreign investors were far above average and signify the extentto which the Ghanaian government was prepared to go to stimulate the industry (Campbell, 2005). This also indicates the extent to which the government was and is prepared to turn a blind eye to companies’ exploitation of the country. Liberalized legislation resulted in an approximate 800-fold growth of the predominantly foreign-controlled gold mining industry in the past 20 years. But this growth has been accompanied by very little change in the quality of life of the Ghanaian people. In 2006 the International Council on Mining and Metals claimed that gold mining has not only ‘kick-started† Ghana’s economy, but that many of the large-scale mining companies are â€Å"committed to [CSR]†. In contrast, Hilson (2007) argues locals’ lives have been worsened by the increased use of land, relocations and environmental dilapidation. Because of the lax policies adopted by the government, the nation’s share of the mineral development profits has been minimal. Despite the 40% contribution of total merchandise export earnings that gold-mining in Ghana represents, the contribution to GDP is only 2-3% (Hilson, 2002). Thus the government lacks fiscal control, and as such cannot redirect funds efficiently towards development projects. The most formal adoption of international policy in Ghana was that of the Global Mining Initiative (GMI) in 1998. Ghanaian mining companies claimed that â€Å"a series of dynamic and innovative community development projects†¦ empowering rural communities and improving quality of life† were to be initiated (Garvin, 2009). But others report that the mines are encroaching on indigenous land, resulting in cultural dislocation, poverty, displacement and environmental damage. Promises of jobs and adequate compensation have been broken. This is evident in the relatively small number of Ghanaians employed by mining companies, a mere 20 000, despite the immensesize of the industry (Garvin, 2009). An interesting response to growing unemployment is the intensification of small-scale, artisanal mining, nicknamed the galamsey. The galamseyhave become an important means for support for many subsistence farmers who have been displaced, but their illegal status has led to them being labelled â€Å"hazardous and environmentally damaging† by the Chamber of Mines (Bush, 2008). There is potential for both large and small scale miners to collaborate, as they have different methods and it is uneconomical for one to do what the other does. This has been proven by Goldfields, who have leased small portions of land to groups of galamsey. Most large-scale gold ines refuse to license their unused land for work, so the galamseyare forced to mine illegally in order to eke out a living. Hilson (2007) accuses the large mining companies of supporting a massive military sweep aimed at eradicating the galamsey, which resulted in human rights violations and many forced removals. Instead of taking advantage of collaborative opportunities major mine operators in Ghana have resorted to the most common CSR endeavours amongst extractive mine companies: the building of schools, clinics and libraries. These CSR projects are still predominantly philanthropic and unsustainable. Garvin (2009) determined, through a series of surveys, that although many locals perceived an increase in social welfare, they reported a decline in security, increased crime, cyanide-poisoned water, and other environmental hazards resulting in a lack of useful agricultural land. Notwithstanding the urgings from the World Bank Industries Review, Departments for International Development, the UN, and limited pressure from the Chamber of Mines, most CSR programmes that go beyond philanthropy emphasize the expansion of existing practices such as pig-rearing, livestock and activities. These give little opportunity for advancement, provide little more than subsistence wages and definitely do not contribute to sustainable economic growth (Hilson, 2007). One of the largest problems with CSR in Ghana, and similarly in SA, is the lack of communication between government, companies and public. Mining companies enter into agreements with the national government, paying royalties of 9%, of which 3% go towards community development (Hilson, 2007). These monies pass through many layers of government and administration, and often very little reach the locals they are meant to compensate. Inhabited land is often designated for mining with little or no consent from the inhabitants. Under the Minerals and Mining Act (2006) mining companies are required to compensate displaced people for their crops and use of land, but these payments are still woefully undervalued (Hilson, 2007). Locals value their land quite differently from the value placed on it by mine employees and the lack of communication only worsens these discrepancies. The regulatory and reporting systems in Ghana are very poor, effectively making the situation for many locals worse than that seen in SA. There have been few legal efforts made to legislate mining activities, thus the improvement of CSR practices is dependent on international legislation, NGOs and pressure groups. Changing the CSR Pyramid There are certain drivers of CSR that are significantly different in developing countries than in developed countries like Europe and the US. Existing models must be adapted to fit the individual needs of developing countries. One such model is Carroll's pyramid, consisting of 4 tiers; economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities. draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} Figure 1: Pyramid models for CSR drivers (adapted from Visser, 2006) Visser advocates thatto adapt Carroll's pyramid to developing countries, economic responsibilities are given the highest priority, followed by philanthropic, legal and ethical. The economic tier represents the need for businesses to not only ensure that direct foreign investment increases, alleviating poverty and unemployment, but that fu rther investment is generated, goods and services produced and stable infrastructure built. Visser argues that the emphasis on philanthropy is necessary because of the dire situation and poor quality of life in many developing countries thathave become reliant on donor assistance. Philanthropy has become ingrained in developing country CSR. The legal responsibilities are of lower priority because the pressure to adhere to legislation in developing countries is less than in developed countries. In order to elicit response, both nationally and internationally, sustainable indicators must be developed allowing more accurate reporting of CSR successes and failures. Efficient and diverse indicators allow for better sustainable reporting and transparency. These indicators serve two main functions: providing guidelines for company policy and government policy (Danegard, 2005). Increasing the number of indicators increases the scope for surveys or investigations. Data collected from these is usually validated by companies and government, and is, as yet, not mandatory. Although these inquiries may provide useful data, Danegard (2005) suggests that the use of third party verification may be necessary where governments lack the capacity for collection and evaluation. References Biersteker, T. J. , 1990. Reducing the Role of the State in the Economy: A Conceptual Exploration of IMF and World Bank Prescriptions. International Studies Quarterly, 34(4), 477-492. Bush, R. , 2009. ‘Soon there will be no-one left to take the corpses to the morgue’: Accumulation and abjection in Ghana’s mining communities. Resources Policy, 34, 57-63. Campbell, B. , 2005. The Challenges of Development, Mining Codes in Africa and Corporate Responsibility. In International and Comparative Mineral Law and Policy . International Energy and Resources Law & Policy. The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, pp. 801-822. Dale, M. , 2005. Comparative International and African Mineral Law as Applied in the Formation of the New South African Mineral Development Legislation. In International and Comparative Mineral Law and Policy . International Energy and Resources Law & Policy. The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, pp. 823-852. Dalupan, M. , 2005. Mining and Sustainable Development: Insights from International Law. In International and Comparative Mineral Law and Policy . International Energy and Resources Law & Policy. The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, pp. 149-168. Danegard, A. , 2005. Sustainable development indicators for the minerals industry: Who needs them? What stakes justify producing them? In International and Comparative Mineral Law and Policy . The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, pp. 621-626. Fig, D. , 2005. Manufacturing amnesia: Corporate Social Responsibility in South Africa. International Affairs, 81(3), 599-617. Garvin, T. et al. , 2009. Community-company relations in gold mining in Ghana. Journa of Environmental Management, 90, 571-586. Hamann, R. 2004. Corporate social responsibility, partnerships, and institutional change: The case of mining companies in South Africa. Natural Resources Forum, 28, 278-290. Hamann, R. , 2003. Mining companies’ role in sustainable development: the ‘why’ and ‘how’ of corporate social responsibility from a business perspective. Development Southern Africa, 20(2), 237-254. Hamann, R. , 2009. South Africa: The Role of History, Government, and Local Context. In Global Practices of Corporate Social Responsibility. Berlin: Springer, pp. 435-462. Hamann, R. & Kapelus, P. , 2004. Corporate Social Responsibility in Mining in Southern Africa: Fair accountability or just greenwash? Development, 47(3), 85-92. Hilson, G. , 2007. Championing the Rhetoric? ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’ in Ghana’s Mining Sector. GMI, 53. Hilson, G. , 2002. Harvesting mineral riches: 1000 years of gold mining in Ghana. Resources Policy, 28, 13-26. Littlewood, G. , 2000. The Global Mining Initiative – Address to Mining 2000. Visser, W. , 2005. Corporate Citizenship in South Africa – A Review of Progress since Democracy. JCC, 18, 28-38. Visser, W. , 2006. Corporate Social Responsibility in Developing Countries. pp. 473-499.

Arguments about the critical period hypothesis Free Essay Example, 1750 words

Bley-Vroman, R. (1988). The fundamental character of foreign language learning. In W. Rutherford &M. Sharwood Smith (Eds. ), Grammar and second language teaching: A book of readings (pp. 19-30). In this article the author talks about ten different characteristics of adults who try to learn a second language. One of these characteristics is age and its correlation with the proficiency with which they learn a second language. In this section the author states that it is generally presumed that the proficiency with which an individual can learn a second language is higher during early ages of life. This article will be used in the research to provide an introduction to the argument of critical point hypothesis. Colombo, J. (1982). The critical period concept: Research, methodology, and theoretical concerns. Psychological Bulletin, 91, 260-275. This article is a discussion of the concept of critical period which is marked by the age of an individual starting from his/her birth till he/she reaches adulthood. The article even discusses various researches regarding the concept of critical period along with issues in theorizing the concept and the methodologies used to perform research regarding the topic. We will write a custom essay sample on Arguments about the critical period hypothesis or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now This article will be used in the argument to define the concept of critical period and to criticize its use in determining the proficiency that individuals attain while learning a second language. Curtiss, S. (1977). Genie: A psycholinguistic study of a modern day â€Å"wildchild†. New York: Academic Press. This research focuses on a child who lived in captivation and when she was discovered she lack the ability that the children of her age enjoyed. The research even focuses on the critical period hypothesis and the researchers were able to support the critical period hypothesis with the case of Genie. This study will be used to provide example in support of for the case of existence of a critical period which is necessary for the development of children. Flege, J. E., Frieda, A. M., & Nozawa, T. (1997). Amount of native-language (L1) use affects the pronunciation of an L2. Journal of Phonetics, 25, 169-186. The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of use of native language on an individual’s ability to learn a second language. The researchers were able to identify that second language learners are unable to develop nativelike proficiency even after being exposed to a second language for more than 34 years. The study even identified that if an individual is exposed to higher degree of native language, he/she fails in developing the accent of a foreign language.